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<meta property="og:description" content="基本的文档结构如下图所示,展示HTML的最基本的结构.   第一行的并不是元素.他是一个文档类型声明(也称作DOCTYPE声明),这可以让现代浏览器知道使用指定的HTML解释器去解释文档.这个DOCTYPE可以在HTML5中识别被写入的文档.  整个文档是被包含在html元素中的.这个元素被称作根元素因为在文档中它包含所有的元素,并且它不会被其他任何元素包含.  在html元素内,文档被划分为一个">
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id="body-wrap"><header class="not-top-img" id="page-header"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a href="/myblog/" title="静待花开"><span class="site-name">静待花开</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div id="search-button"><a class="site-page social-icon search" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-search fa-fw"></i><span> 搜索</span></a></div><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page group" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-list"></i><span> 分享</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="menus_item_child"><li><a class="site-page child" href="/myblog/Gallery/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-images"></i><span> 照片</span></a></li><li><a class="site-page child" href="/myblog/music/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-music"></i><span> 音乐</span></a></li><li><a class="site-page child" href="/myblog/movies/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-video"></i><span> 视频</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/link/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/myblog/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">html-study-01</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2019-11-11T09:09:40.000Z" title="发表于 2019-11-11 17:09:40">2019-11-11</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2023-09-07T09:44:01.890Z" title="更新于 2023-09-07 17:44:01">2023-09-07</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/myblog/categories/HTML/">HTML</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="html-study-01"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="基本的文档结构"><a href="#基本的文档结构" class="headerlink" title="基本的文档结构"></a>基本的文档结构</h1><p>如下图所示,展示HTML的最基本的结构.</p>
<p><img src="/myblog/../../../../image/html-structural.png"></p>
<ol>
<li><p>第一行的并不是元素.他是一个文档类型声明(也称作DOCTYPE声明),这可以让现代浏览器知道使用指定的HTML解释器去解释文档.<br>这个DOCTYPE可以在HTML5中识别被写入的文档.</p>
</li>
<li><p>整个文档是被包含在<strong>html</strong>元素中的.这个元素被称作根元素因为在文档中它包含所有的元素,并且它不会被其他任何元素包含.</p>
</li>
<li><p>在<strong>html</strong>元素内,文档被划分为一个<font color="13A1CB">head</font>和一个<font color="13A1CB">body</font>.<br><strong>head</strong>元素包含的元素属于不被渲染为内容部分的元素,例如title,style sheets,script,metadata.</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>meta</strong>元素向文档提供关于文档信息的metadata(元数据).在上图案例中,它指定了Unicode的UTF-8格式的<font color="13A1CB">character encoding</font>.<strong>meta</strong>元素提供的其他元素据类型有:author(作者),keywords(关键字),publishing status,还有可以被搜索引擎搜索到的描述信息description.</p>
</li>
<li><p>在<strong>head</strong>元素中<strong>title</strong>元素是强制需要的.所以说每个HTML文档必须包含一个描述title</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>body</strong>元素包含所有我们想要在浏览器中展示的内容</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="进行语义上的标记"><a href="#进行语义上的标记" class="headerlink" title="进行语义上的标记"></a>进行语义上的标记</h2><p><strong>HTML的目的就是对内容添加具有意义且结构化的标记</strong></p>
<p>HTML并不会强烈描述内容的外观.外观是通过css来处理的.</p>
<p>选择html元素标记内容,需要提供最具意义的内容描述.这被称为语义标记.不用担心样式,可以用css很简单的处理样式.</p>
<h2 id="块级元素-Black-和行内元素-InLine"><a href="#块级元素-Black-和行内元素-InLine" class="headerlink" title="块级元素(Black)和行内元素(InLine)"></a>块级元素(Black)和行内元素(InLine)</h2><p>heading <code>h</code>和paragraph <code>p</code>默认情况下这两个元素属于<font color="13A1CB">black elements</font>.浏览器把块级元素当成一个小正方形盒子堆放在页面上.每个块元素开始于一个新的行.,并且默认情况下会在整个元素的上下方增加一些空间.如下图所示:<br><img src="/myblog/../../../../image/html-elements-01.png"></p>
<p>对比一下.在图中做强调标记的文本(使用em标记),并没有从一个新行开始,而是呆在p行中.这是因为<strong>em</strong>元素是行内元素<font color="13A1CB">inLine elements</font>.</p>
<h2 id="默认样式"><a href="#默认样式" class="headerlink" title="默认样式"></a>默认样式</h2><p>还有需要注意的是,浏览器会给标记语言一些默认样式</p>
<h2 id="空元素"><a href="#空元素" class="headerlink" title="空元素"></a>空元素</h2><p>一般元素都有头和尾,内容在头尾中间.</p>
<p>少数元素没有内容因为他们只是简单提供一个指令.这样的元素我们称为<font color="13A1CB">empty</font>.	image元素(<strong>img</strong>)是一个空元素的例子,他就是告诉浏览器加载图片文件插入到对应文本的位置.还有一些其他的,例如:换行<strong>br</strong>,换主题行也叫水平线<strong>hr</strong>,还有之前的<strong>meta</strong>元素,不展示内容,只负责提供文档信息.</p>
<h2 id="属性"><a href="#属性" class="headerlink" title="属性"></a>属性</h2><p>例如添加一个空元素<strong>img</strong>,显然其本身并没有什么作用,**src(short for source)**属性是需要的,它用于指定文件的位置的.<br><code>&lt;element attribute1=&quot;value&quot; attribute2=&quot;value&quot;&gt;</code> 就是这种形式. 属性顺序没关系,属性之间用空格隔开.</p>
<p>关于属性你需要知道的:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>属性仅在开始标签的元素名之后,不会存在于结束标签中.</p>
</li>
<li><p>可能存在多个属性,那么用空格隔开,顺序没关系.</p>
</li>
<li><p>大部分属性带有值,值和属性之间用”&#x3D;”连接.在HTML中,一些属性值是单个描述单词.例如<strong>checked</strong>属性,他能让表单加载的时候让表单复选框被选中,等式为<code>checked=&quot;checked&quot;</code>,还有<strong>布尔属性</strong>就是true或者false</p>
</li>
<li><p>一个属性值依赖于属性的目的,可能是数字,单词,文本字符串,URL,或者是度量.</p>
</li>
<li><p>属性值被引号包裹是强约定,但是引号不是必须的,可能删掉.还有单引号和双引号都可以被接受.注意是英文的引号</p>
</li>
<li><p>HTML规范中定义了每个元素可用的属性名称和值。换句话说，您无法为元素组成属性.</p>
</li>
<li><p>一些属性是需要的.例如在<strong>img</strong>标签中的<strong>src</strong>和<strong>alt</strong>属性,为了让文档生效</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="实战并增加样式操作"><a href="#实战并增加样式操作" class="headerlink" title="实战并增加样式操作"></a>实战并增加样式操作</h1><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;meta charset=&quot;utf-8&quot; /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;this is title&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;style&gt;</span><br><span class="line">body &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	background-color: #faf2e4;</span><br><span class="line">	margin: 0 10%;</span><br><span class="line">	font-family: sans-serif;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">h1 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	text-align: center;</span><br><span class="line">	font-family: serif;</span><br><span class="line">	font-weight: normal;</span><br><span class="line">	text-transform: uppercase;</span><br><span class="line">	border-bottom: 1px solid #57b1dc;</span><br><span class="line">	margin-top: 30px;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">h2 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	color: #d1633c;</span><br><span class="line">	font-size: 1em;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/style&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;image src=&quot;blackgoose.png&quot; alt=&quot;logo&quot;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;Black Goose Bistro&lt;/h1&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;h2&gt;The Restaurant&lt;/h2&gt; </span><br><span class="line">&lt;p&gt;The Black Goose Bistro offers casual lunch and </span><br><span class="line">dinner fare in a relaxed atmosphere. The menu </span><br><span class="line">changes regularly to highlight the freshest local </span><br><span class="line">ingredients.&lt;/p&gt; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;h2&gt;Catering&lt;/h2&gt; </span><br><span class="line">&lt;p&gt;You have fun. &lt;em&gt;We&#x27;ll handle the cooking.&lt;/em&gt; Black </span><br><span class="line">Goose Catering can handle events from snacks for a </span><br><span class="line">meetup to elegant corporate fundraisers. &lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;h2&gt;Location and Hours&lt;/h2&gt; </span><br><span class="line">Seekonk, Massachusetts; </span><br><span class="line">Monday through Thursday 11am to 9pm; Friday and </span><br><span class="line">Saturday, 11am to midnight</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/html&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>效果如下:<br><img src="/myblog/../../../../image/html-excise001.png"></p>
<h1 id="HTML5验证器工具"><a href="#HTML5验证器工具" class="headerlink" title="HTML5验证器工具"></a>HTML5验证器工具</h1><p>一款非常好的,基于Web的工具: (<a href="https://html5.validator.nu/">https://html5.validator.nu/</a>) ,它会进行如下的检查:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>包含一个DOCTYPE声明.如果没有这个声明,验证器将不知道HTML的版本对于接下来的验证.</p>
</li>
<li><p>需要为文档指出字符编码的格式</p>
</li>
<li><p>包含必须的规则和属性</p>
</li>
<li><p>非标准元素</p>
</li>
<li><p>不匹配的标签</p>
</li>
<li><p>内部错误(也就是错误的把元素放入其他元素中)</p>
</li>
<li><p>拼写和其他小错误</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>将上面的代码文件放入验证工具中,验证结果是正确的如下图:</p>
<p><img src="/myblog/../../../../image/html-validator-result.png"></p>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://zhangbo4881820.gitee.io/myblog">brad 随风起舞</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://zhangbo4881820.gitee.io/myblog/posts/16316/">https://zhangbo4881820.gitee.io/myblog/posts/16316/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://zhangbo4881820.gitee.io/myblog" target="_blank">静待花开</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/myblog/tags/HTML/">HTML</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" 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href="#%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">进行语义上的标记</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9D%97%E7%BA%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-Black-%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%8C%E5%86%85%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-InLine"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">块级元素(Black)和行内元素(InLine)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">默认样式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">空元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">属性</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" 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